Despite Radiation and Cost Concerns, Use of CT Scans Explodes

Emergency room use of CT scans has exploded since the mid-1990s, bringing doctors an improved diagnostic tool but also sparking questions about potential overexposure to radiation and unnecessary medical costs.

According to a new study in the journal Radiology, the number of CT, or computed tomography, scans in U.S. emergency rooms jumped from 2.7 million in 1995 to 16.2 million in 2007.

As the Los Angeles Times reports, at a cost of about $400 per body part scanned, overuse can impose a steep cost on patients and insurers. It also exposes patients to extra radiation, which increases the risk of cancer. The National Research Council concluded that the risk of cancer for people who receive 10 millisieverts of radiation is 1 in 1,000. A CT scan delivers 37 millisieverts to the patient.

“For people with serious illness, the risk of having a CT exam is outweighed by the benefits,” said Dr. David Larson, a radiologist at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the study’s lead author.

But Larson said, for patients with non-life threatening illnesses, “it’s worth having a conversation with the doctor to see if there are alternatives to CT,” even though the risk is low.

The increased use reflects wider availability, improved quality and the CT scan’s role in evaluating more and more medical problems. Whereas CT scans were previously largely limited to urban facilities and were used almost exclusively to evaluate the causes of headaches and seizures, they are now used in rural hospitals to test for many other maladies, including kidney stones and blood clots.

However, the Times reported, little research has been done to show if CT scanning, which provides a cross-section view of soft tissues, has benefited patients.

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