EPA Weighs Risks of Natural Gas Mining Method Amid Complaints of Groundwater Contamination

As controversy over offshore oil drilling regulation rages, a separate environmental debate is taking shape over a method of natural gas extraction called hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, which involves blasting underground rock with a combination of water, sand and chemicals.

In Pennsylvania, residents have complained that fracking has caused foul-smelling well water, deformed livestock, poisoned fish and itchy skin, The New York Times reports.

“The industry has argued there are no documented cases of hydraulic fracturing contaminating groundwater,” Dencil Backus, a resident of Mt. Pleasant Township, Pa., told The Times . “Our experience in southwestern Pennsylvania suggests that this cannot possibly be true.

The Environmental Protection Agency, while preparing a $1.9 million study of fracking’s effect on groundwater,  is trying to balance the concerns of the drilling industry and its workers, environmental experts and residents who live in areas where the technique is used. Congressional investigators, led by the House Energy and Commerce Committee, are looking into related water quality issues.

Gas companies, however, have said the contamination claims are baseless or not their fault.

Roughly 99.5 percent of the fluids typically used in fracking, the industry says, are just water and sand, with trace amounts of chemical thickeners, lubricants and other compounds added to help the process along. The cocktail is injected thousands of feet below the water table and, the industry argues, can’t possibly be responsible for growing complaints of spoiled streams and wells.

The companies also say more regulation would result in lost jobs and prevent gas production.

The debate is particularly heated in areas containing a rock formation that contains natural gas called Marcellus Shale, which is found in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio and New York.

Currently, natural gas fuels about a quarter of all energy used in the U.S., and the percentage is expected to rise as the country moves away from energy sources like oil and coal.

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